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Ligand concentration

Ligand solutions for immobilization are usually quite dilute (typically 10–50 µg/ml for most proteins) provided that efficient pre-concentration can be achieved. Higher concentrations may be needed for proteins that for reasons of low isoelectric point or other factors do not pre-concentrate efficiently on the surface. The best concentration will vary according to the nature of the ligand, the type of sensor surface and the requirements of the application.

See also

List of help files

Ligand immobilization levels

Procedure for immobilization pH scouting

Pre-concentration

Immobilization buffer